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Article 12
LUQMAN, THE WISE
Luqman’s advices to his son are narrated in
Surah Luqman, which is the 31st Surah
of the Noble Qur’an.
Verse 12 says: “We gave wisdom to Luqman
so that he would give thanks to Allah (s.w.t.).
Those who give thanks to Allah (s.w.t.) do so
for their own good. Those who are ungrateful
should know that Allah (s.w.t.) is
Self-Sufficient and Praiseworthy.”
Verse 13 says: Luqman advised his,
telling him, O My son, do not consider anything
equal to Him for it is the greatest injustice.”
Verse 16 says: “O My son, Allah brings
forth items of sustenance, even if they are as
small as a grain of mustard seed, hidden in a
rock or in the Heavens or the earth. Allah
(s.w.t.) is Subtle and All-Aware.”
Verse 17 says: “O My son be steadfast in
prayer. Make others do good. Prevent them from
doing evil. Be patient in hardship. Patience
comes from faith and determination.”
Verse 18 says: “Do not show people that
you are an inferior person. Do not walk around
puffed-up with pride; Allah (s.w.t.) does not
love arrogant and boastful people.”
Verse 19 says: “Be moderate (slower) in
your walking and your talking. The most
unpleasant sound is the braying of donkeys.”
Shaikh Tabrasi says that there is difference of
opinion about Luqman. Some say that he had the
Divine knowledge but was not a Prophet. Others
say that he was a Prophet.
Imam Jaffer al-Sadiq (a.s.) said: “Luqman was
steadfast in obeying Allah and refrained from
His disobedience.”
Luqman gave admonitions to his son as detailed
below:
Be a companion of the wise. Take from this world
only that which is essential and enough for you.
Also do not give up earning in this world that
you may become needy. This world is a deep
ocean. Innumerable people have drowned in it. It
is essential for you to make faith your ship for
saving yourself from the danger of this world.
You should make ‘Reliance only in one Allah’ the
sail of your ship. Your provision in the ship
should be avoidance of the illegal and
undesirable. Thereafter if you are saved, it is
due to Allah’s Mercy and if you get destroyed it
is because of your sins. You must set aside some
hours in the day and night to acquire knowledge
because there is nothing which can destroy it.
Do not make the rich your enemy and do not keep
company of oppressors. Do not make friendship
with a sinner nor sit with a disgraced and
notorious person.
My precious son! Fear Allah as He deserves to be
feared. You should always be afraid of His
chastisements. Similarly, also remain hopeful of
His Mercy even if you have sinned totaling the
sins of all men and jinn and be hopeful that He
will forgive you. My son, if a faithful heart is
cut open, two rays will come out of it. One
light of the fear of Allah and the other light
of hope from Allah. If both the lights could be
weighed, both will be equal.
So the one who has truly and sincerely has
believed in Allah will surely act honestly for
Allah with a hope for good. One who acts in this
way really believes in Allah and fears Him and
the one who fears Him loves Him and the one who
loves Him also obeys Him and the one who obeys
Him makes himself eligible for His pleasure and
Paradise. And the one who does not
want His pleasure makes His punishment swift
upon him.
Do you not see that Allah has not made the
worldly bounties the reward of His obedience nor
has he made the worldly hardships the
punishments for His disobedience. Both the
reward and punishment is promised in Hereafter.
O My son! Make a thousand friends because even a
thousand friends are less but do not make even
one enemy because one enemy is sufficient.
There are three signs of a sinner: He embezzles
people’s wealth, tells lies and acts contrary to
his words. There are three signs of ostentations
(show off): He is slack in his worship while he
is alone but makes a show of full attentiveness
in worship while in public and he does it so
that people may praise him. The envious has also
three signs: He back-bites people and flatters
them on face, feels happy when people are in
trouble. There are three signs of extravagant:
He eats things which are beyond his capacity and
so also he wears likewise, and he feeds others
crossing his limits of capacity. There are three
signs of indolent (lazy): He is slack in doing
good deeds and he postpones good deeds until and
unless he is threatened and he becomes so lazy
that the job is spoiled and thus he becomes
defaulter. There are three signs of a negligent
man: He is doubtful in his worship, becomes
careless in matters of remembering his Lord and
he forgets good deeds.
My son! Confront your enemy by avoiding the
prohibited. Keep your soul clean of Allah’s
disobedience. Keep your secrets hidden and your
inner self pure.
Be content on what Allah has fixed for you so
that you will always remain happy.
O My son! Never be envious. Never behave badly
with others. These two evils harm none but you.
Do good to the deserving person and your purpose
should be to please Allah. Be moderate in
spending for others.
O My son! The best behavior is wisdom, acquiring
for which is very essential. It is the religion
of Allah and it is similar to a grown up tree
which keeps it alive and standing. Its water is
belief in Allah. Its root is prayer, which keeps
it straight and steadfast. Its trunk is zakat
and its branches are the efforts for maintaining
brotherly relations with one’s brothers-in-faith
merely for the pleasure of Allah. Its leaves are
good morals. Its fruits are abandoning
disobedience of Allah.
The greatest sin is the sin against religion and
the greatest calamity is the danger to faith and
the most profitable wealth is the wealth of
heart. So enrich your heart with knowledge,
faith and good morality. Remain pleased and
happy on what Allah has fixed for you. A man,
who is patient, gets halal provisions and he is
protected from the chastisement in this world
and Hereafter.
My son, when the time for prayers comes, do not
postpone it. Prayer is the base of religion.
My son! Never delay repentance because death
arrives all of a sudden without warning.
Do not ridicule a man who falls in trouble and
never stop doing good to others. Be honest so
that you may remain needless of other’s wealth.
Consider piety as a business which will give you
a profit without investing capital. My son! If
be you not be kind to a person whom you are
oppressing, be kind to yourself because you are
harming yourself through that oppression. My
son! Talk less and remember Allah at all places.
Keep control on yourself when angry so that you
may not be ditched in Hell. Do good to the one
who does good to you.
Consult the elders and be ashamed to consult the
younger. Never be in the company of the sinners.
Do not harm others otherwise they will become
your enemy.
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